Regulating transformer



Feb. 15, 1944. z. 0. ST. PALLEY V REGULATING TRANSFORMER Original Filed Jan. 28, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Inventor Zoltan QStPalley, y M

His Attorney.

Feb. 15, 1944. z. 0. 'ST. PALLEY 2,341,958

REGULATING TRANSFORMER Original Filed Jan. 28, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor: Zoltan O. 513.1 51] ley,

by 63% His Attorney.

Patented Feb. 15, 1944 OFFICE REGULATING TRANSFORMER Zoltan 0. St. Palley,

General Electric New York Pittsfield, Mass., assignor to Company, a corporation of Original application January 28, 1942, Serial No. 428,47 9. Divided and this application August 1,

1942, Serial No.

8 Claims. (Cl. 17l-119) This invention relates to electrical regulating transformers and more particularly to improvements in alternating current voltage regulating transformers of the variable ratio type.

This is a division of my application S. N. 428,479, iiled January 28, 1942 (now Patent No. 2,329,229), and assigned to the assignee of the present application.

Voltage regulating transformers of the type in which the relative magnitude of two quadrature related Voltage components may be adjusted are old in the art. Such arrangements are often used for inter-connecting two alternating current power circuits, in which case one of the voltage components is usually in phase with the voltage of one of the circuits and the other component is therefore in quadrature therewith. The relative adjustment or these components makes it possible to adjust the active and reactive voltamperes in the circuit when such interconnection closes aloop circuit.

In accordance with this invention there is provided a-novel arrangement of three transformer windings per phase for providing the desired quadrature related voltage components. or polyphase application it is not necessary to have hree times as many separate windings as there are phases and an arrangement of six windings may conveniently constitute the secondary winding of a three phase transformer to which the conductors of a three-phase circuit may be connected. When the transformer is an exciting transformer this three-phase circuit is particularly adapted to energize a. delta-connected primary winding of a series transformer whose sec ondary winding is connected inthe main power circuit or which may be considered as interconnecting two main power circuits.

An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved regulating transformer.

Another object 01' the invention is to provide an in-phase and quadrature voltage control regulating transformer which is characterized by a novel and simple arrangement of transformer windings.

The invention will be better understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and its nection with the accompanying drawings and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings Fig. 1 illustrates diagrammatically an embodiment of the invention in which the transformer windings are laid out so as to show the phase relations of their voltages, Fig. 2 shows the circuit of Fig. 1 with the windings arranged in conventional mannerand with the addition of polarity reversing switches and modified tap-changing means, Fig. 3 is a vector diagram showing the relation between the line-toline and line-to-neutral voltages of the exciting circuit and the phase voltages of the primary winding of the exciting transformer, Fig. 4 is a vector diagram of the voltages of one phase of the secondary winding of the exciting transformer and of the primary and secondary voltages of the corresponding phase of the series transformer, Fig. 5 is a modification similar to Fig. 1 but showing a star-connected primary winding for the exciting transformer, and Fig. 6 shows the physical arrangement of the regulating windings.

Referring now to the drawings and more par ticularly to Fig. 1, there is shown therein a pair of main three-phase power circuits having phase conductors I, II and m and I. II and III respectively. The voltage between these circuits is regulated by a transformer system comprising an exciting transformer I and a series transformer 2. The exciting transformer has a primary winding 3 connected across the main circuit I, II and III and has a secondary winding l consisting of two sets of three phase windings. The series transformer has a delta-connected primary winding 5 which is excited by the seccndary winding a cf the exciting transformer and which in turn excites a secondary winding 8 whose phase windings interconnect the corresponding phase conductors of=the two main power circuits.

The individual phase windings of the primary winding 3 of the exciting transformer are desisnated as 7, 8 and 9 and three of the corresponding secondary phase windings, designated as I 0, H and 12, are also delta connected. Each 01' the remaining secondary phase windings 13, I4 and is are connected respectively to the corner 01 the delta formed by the two phase windings thereof which are out of phase with said remaining winding. In other words, winding I3 is connected to the corner formed by the interconnection of Hi and H, winding I4 is connected to the j corner of the delta formed by the connection of windings ii and it, etc. The output of the secondary winding 4 is derived from corresponding points on the windings I3, H and I5 and these points are connected to the corners of the delta primary winding Set, the series transformer. As shown, this delta winding comprises the phase windings i6, i1 and I8 which excite respectively ierent voltage taps.

the phase windings it, it and iii of the secondary winding 3 of the exciting transformer.

By means of this connection it will be seen that each phase winding of the primary winding 5 is excited by three series voltages. One of these voltages is the voltage of one of the phase windings of the three delta-connected secondary windings It, It and ii, the remaining two voltages being the voltages of two 01 the windings it, II and I5. For example, the primary phase winding it of the series transformer is excited by the voltages of the windings i5, i2 and i i in series. As can be seen from. the drawings and I as will be explained more fully hereafter, the

resultant of the voltages of windings it and i5 is in quadrature with the voltage of the'windina' I: so that if the voltages of the windings id and is are adjusted simultaneously so as to maintain equality between them for difierent values thereof' the magnitude of their resultant voltage, which is in quadrature with the voltage of winding i2. will-be varied relative to the latter. The

Fig. l but the windings are arranged diagrammatically in conventional manner instead of for showing the phase relations of their respective voltages. In addition, a more detailed showing has been made of a particular form of tap changor which is suitable for use in the circuit. This electrical connections between the windings as in tap changer consists of a double movable contact finger arrangement which is connected to the circuit or adjustable load of the winding by means of a mid-tapped reactor for controlling circulating current when the fingers are on dif- This is a well-known arrangement and permits the changing of taps without opening the winding circuit.

For convenience or operation,.the individual tap changers 22, 23 and 2d are provided with a common operating mechanism which may he of any well-known type and which is Shown schematically and designated as 28. Similarly, the three tap changers 2d, 26 and 2? for the delta. phase windings it, it and 82 have a common operating mechanism 29.

For increasing the range of control or adjust ment of the system means is provided for reversing the phase of the efiective voltages of 'windings' Hi, It and 42 on the one hand and of windings it, it and 65 on the other hand. In thecase of the windings it, it and it this revers ing means may consist of separate reversing switches 3%, 3i and 32 interconnected by a common operating member 33 and similarly this re- ;ed winding are designated as l, d and 9 while the neutral point of the system is shown as ii and the line-to-neutral voltages are represented by assists the vectors connecting the natural point ii with the phase conductors I, E and HI.

Fig. 4 shows the vector relations between the voltages of the phase of the secondary winding 6 of the exciting transformer which excites the phase winding iii oi the primary winding of the series transformer. In this figure the vector i2 represents the voltage of the phase winding l2 which, as will be seen by comparison with Fig. 3, is in phase with the voltage 8' corresponding to the voltage of the prry phase winding 9. This voltage is at right angles to the line-t0- neutral or phase voltage oi the conductor 1. The vectors l5 and i6 represent the voltages of the windings id and it. The vector resultant of the three voltages it, it and i2 is the vector.

38. This vector in turn may be thought of or resolved into two quadrature components 3i! and dd. Component 39 is equal in magnitude to it and is in quadrature with the line-to-netural voltage of conductor I. Component it is equal to the vector difierence between it and it and is in phase with the line-to-netural voltage of conductor I. primary winding 5 of the series transformer is the same as the resultant voltage 38 because that is the voltage which is impressed across this winding. Consequently, the voltage of the corresponding phase Zl of the secondary winding of the series transformer is in phase with the vector 38 and as is shown the phase winding 23 is connected in series with the conductor i5. Consequently, there is inserted in series with the conductor I a voltage having a component in phase with its phase voltage and having two other components whose resultant is in quadrature with its phase voltage or voltage to neutral. As the systern shown is symmetrical it follows that the phase windings it and also have induced therein voltages whose components hear the same relation to their main circuit conductor voltage as exists for the voltage induced in the phase winding 2i. 1

By operating the common driving mechanism 2%! for the adjusters 22, 23 and 2d the voltages of i the windings i3, i5 and is are simultaneously and cornponentivci the regulating voltage.

Operation of the member 33 serves to reverse the switches 3t, 8t and 32 from their illustrated position to the opposite position so as to reverse the effective voltages of the windings iii, ll and 52. In this manner the quadrature component of the regulating voltage may be either a leading voltage or a lagging voltage. In a like manner operation of the member 3? throws the switches 36, 35 and 36 from their illustrated positions to their opposite positions so as to reverse the effective voltages of the windings i it and iii. In this manner the iii-phase component of the regulating voltage may be either a boosting voltage or a bucking voltage.

Fig. 5 difiers from Fig. i in that the phase wind ings 17,6 and d oi the primary winding 3 of the exciting transformer i are if connected instead of delta connected. This reverses the phase relation oi the delta windings it, it and i2 and the remaining windings it, it and it with respect to the linc=to-ueutral voltages of the main I The voltage oi the phase it of the circuit I, II and III. In other words, the voltages of the delta-connected windings I0, I I and It now produce the in-phase components of the regulating voltage instead of the quadrature components as in Figs. 1 and 2 and the voltages of the windings I3, l4 and I5 combine in pairs to produce the quadrature components of the regulating voltage.

While the ratio adjusters and reversing switches havebeen omitted from Fig. 5, it will be understood that these may be employed in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 2 if desired.

Fig. 6 shows one form of physical arrangement of the phase windings I0, H, l2, l3, l4 and I5 on a three-legged magnetic core 4 l. Although these six windings have previously been considered as constituting the secondary winding 4 of the exciting transformer I it should be understood that my invention is not limited to such use of these six windings and that their output circuit may supply directly the regulating voltage having the relatively adjustable in-phase and quadrature components. Furthermore, they do not necessarily constitute the secondary winding of a transformer which is excited by another winding and they may equally well be considered to constitute an autotransformer in which the necessary excitation is provided by connecting a three-phase supply circuit to corresponding points in three corresponding windings on the difierent legs. This figure shows more clearly the physical relationship between the delta-connected windings I0, H and I2 on the one hand and the remaining windings l3, l4 and IS on the other hand. Thus, although the winding- H is on the same leg with ID it is connected through the reversing switch 35 to the corner of the delta formed by the interconnection of the phase windings I I and 12 which are on the remaining two legs and as will be seen the same is also true for the windings l3 and I4.

While there have been shown and described particular embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the invention and, therefore, it is aimed in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent or the United States is:

1. In a three-phase regulating transformer, a three-legged core, two windings mounted on each leg of said core, three of said windings on different legs being delta connected, 9. terminal of each of the remaining windings being connected to a difierent corner of the delta, separate tap changing means for varying the effective turns of each of said windings and a three-phas circuit connected to said remaining windings.

2. In a three-phase regulating transformer, a three-legged core, two windings mounted on each leg of said core, three of said windings on diiferent legs being delta connected, a terminal of each or the remaining windings being connected to the corner of the delta formed by the two delta phase windings which from the one on in: is mounted,

are on the remaining two legs which each said remaining windseparate tap changing means for varying the effective turns of each oi. said windings and a three-phase circuit connected to said remaining windings.

3. In a three-phase regulating transformer, a three-legged core, two windings mounted on each means for reversing the voltages of said deltaconnected windings.

4. In a three-phase regulating transformer, a

the remaining windings being connected to a different corner of the delta, a three-phase circuit connected to said remaining windings. and means for reversing the voltage of said remaining windings.

nected windings.

6. In a three-phas regulating transformer, a three-legged core, two windings mounted on each leg of said core, three of said windings on differdelta connected, a terminal of each of the remaining windings being connected to a ifferent corner of the delta, a three-phase circuit connected to said remaining windings, and means for varying the effective turns of said remaining windings.

7 A polyphase transformer comprising, in combination, three windings per phase, one winding of each phase being interconnected to form a symmetrical polyphase winding. individual pchanging means associated with each of the other transformer including, in comtwo windings per phase and at ZOLTAN 0. SI. PALLEY.

terminal per phase, one winding per efiective voltage of the V 

